Anti-Semitism Reveals a Christian Past Updated

Russell Walker

UPDATED

A variety of news agencies are reporting that episodes of anti-Semitism have risen around the world. Fringe political leaders in Europe have attacked Jews verbally. Recently, a Nazi flag was found flying in a Wyoming public park at the same time avowed anti-Semites are openly running for office. 

Then, this week, 11 people were killed by an avowed anti-Semite in Pittsburgh, a more graphic demonstration of the kind of hate festering in this country.

In North Carolina, for example, white supremacist Russell Walker, a Republican candidate for the state house of representatives, used his webpage to claim (sic) “the jews are NOT semitic they are satanic as they all descend from Satan.” 

Paul Nehlen

In Illinois, American Nazi Party member and Republican Arthur Jones is running for Congress and posted on his website that the “idea that six million Jews, were killed by the National Socialist government of Germany, in World War II, is the biggest, blackest lie in history.”  In California, John Fitzgerald, representing the Republicans in a run for a state house seat, claimed that the Holocaust is a lie and that Jews were behind the slave trade of the 1700-1800s.  In Wisconsin, another openly anti-Semite, Paul Nehlen, is running as a Republican for the U.S. House seat being vacated by Paul Ryan.

What is going on?

Sadly, nothing new.  Anti-Semitism has been an integral part of Western civilization since it was invented by Christians some 1600 years ago.  With a president openly espousing bigotry, anti-Semites are simply more overt, reprising their counterparts in the Middle Ages and the 1930s.

Roman sculpture of the Jewish menorah

Prior to the birth of Christianity, anti-Semitism was unknown.  Jews may or may not have been popular, but that had nothing to do with their religion.  As residents of a small country in between major powers, Jews often found themselves in conflict with neighboring lands  Their beliefs didn’t matter at all.

And they were different.  They believed in one god at a time when the rest of the world had countless gods or, as in Buddhism, none.  They had many rules and regulations that explained how to worship that god they called Yahweh.  Romans shrugged and added Yahweh to their pantheon along with multiple gods from other cultures.

Romans also catered to Jews eccentricities by allowing them to pray “for” the emperor rather than “to.”  They handed out free food to poor Jews on a Sunday rather than on the Jewish sabbath, Saturday. 

Actually, Jews and those who liked their moral and ethical teachings (called God-fearers) represented the largest single faith in the Roman Empire, an estimated 7 to 10 percent of the population. 

Romans didn’t dislike Jews for their religious beliefs but weren’t happy with them for rebelling three times in the first and early second centuries.

Constantine legalized Christianity

Then the Christians came along.  Romans didn’t like them either because they were just as adamant that there was only one god and refused to accept that Roman gods existed.   

Romans thought the deities protected them and had to be catered to.  Failure to do so meant danger to the country.

Jews were not punished for their reluctance to acknowledge Jupiter and his cohorts because they had an ancient history and so were “grandfathered” in.  Christians were new and didn’t have that protection. They were persecuted (not as often as decried by Christian leaders or as long -- an estimated 13 years across three centuries) and quickly cried for religious freedom.  That fervent request vanished as soon as Christianity was declared the sole state religion late in the 4^th century.

Jewish ghetto from the Middle Ages

Then, Christians attacked every other religion, but their special animosity was directed against Jews.  Early followers of Jesus were all Jewish as were the first 15 popes.  However, when the beliefs finally divided around 100 C.E., Christians believed that Jews had been the “chosen people,” but that designation had transferred to the Christians.  Yet, there were still Jews. 

Once Christianity took control, anti-Semitism was born. Christian cultures quickly marginalized Jews, eventually banning them from many European countries, forcing them into detested professions like tax-collecting and money-lending, requiring them to wear special markings and making them live in isolated communities.  Jews were victims of pogroms and assaults, confiscation of property and kidnapping of their children as well as such absurdities as the “blood libel” that still stains human conscience.

Yet, Jews endured, despite the hatred reinforced by Church leaders determined to harass and belittle a small cadre of people who refused to accept Christian “truths.”  Anti-Semitism was nothing more than a brutal way of demeaning another religion for the sin of surviving in a Christian society.

The role of the Church in asserting and maintaining anti-Semitism was amply documented in a 1960s study by the Sanford University. 

Such hatred was further abetted by a pseudo-science called eugenics, which was at the heart of the Nazi claims of superiority.  Conceived in the mid-1800s by an English relative of Charles Darwin, eugenics argued that some people had good genes.  Others were defective.  So, everything had to be done to prevent the continuation of bad genes.  To Nazis, Jews had the poor genetics.  In this country, racists naturally thought African-Americans did.

Only genetic research after World War II proved the concept was false.  Some genes are defective, but they aren’t the property of a single group.  We all have them.  As a result, mixing DNA across ethnic boundaries results in stronger people, not defective ones.  That’s because a defective gene has to match up with a similar one to affect someone.  If only one contributor has a defective gene, it never affects the baby.

Children of the Holocaust

At the same time, scholars worldwide have documented the reality of the Holocaust, the lack of Jewish involvement in the slave trade and other facts that completely belie claims by anti-Semites.  Jews don’t control banking or have even a modest share of any industry except clothing and jewelry.

Still, anti-Semitism thrives.  Like any form of bigotry and irrational hatred, it is passed along through generations as described in Oscar Hammerstein’s lyrics from South Pacific:

You've got to be taught before it's too late
Before you are six or seven or eight
To hate all the people your relatives hate
You've got to be carefully taught.

In a recent news story, a young Christian woman in Germany visited a gathering of Jewish teens, listened to them explain their religion and told reporters that she couldn’t understand why anyone would hate them.  Anti-Semitism to her made no sense.

It doesn’t.  Neither does racism or any other form of bigotry.

Humans are all the same.  Our only difference is gender.  And even there the differences are minimal.

Unfortunately, as the spate of anti-Semitic candidates and actions demonstrates, some people prefer to create divisions when none exist.  They are not alone.  Each of the hate-spreading candidates are on the ballot because they finished first or second in their primaries or ran unopposed.  People voted for them despite their lies.

Sadly, irrational hated is not limited to the few who venture into the spotlight and hasn't been for centuries.

Long-time religious historian Bill Lazarus regularly writes about religion and religious history with an occasional foray into American culture.  He holds an ABD in American Studies from Case Western Reserve University.   He also speaks at various religious organizations throughout Florida.  You can reach him at www.williamplazarus.net.  He is the author of the famed Unauthorized Biography of Nostradamus; The Last Testament of Simon Peter; The Gospel Truth: Where Did the Gospel Writers Get Their Information; Noel: The Lore and Tradition of Christmas Carols; and Dummies Guide to Comparative Religion.  A recent book, Passover in Prison, which details abuse of Jewish inmates in American prisons.  His books are available on Amazon.com, Kindle, bookstores and via various publishers.  He can also be followed on Twitter.

Creationism as (Un) Science

Judge Jones

My Facebook friends pushing for creationism – or under its current name of intelligent design (ID) – continue to fuss and fume.  They would prefer to forget they already had their chance to prove their point without shouting.  Experts in support of creationism came to a Federal Court in the Middle District of Pennsylvania in November 2004 to argue their case.

They were routed.

No wonder creationists pretend it didn’t happen.

The case was heard by Federal Judge John E. Jones III, a Republican appointed two years earlier by President George W. Bush. It grew out of a decision by the Board of Education in the Dover Area School District to require that ID be taught on par with evolution.  Eleven parents then sued, resulting in the trial.

Professor Behe

In four days of testimony, Judge Jones allowed creationists to introduce their evidence and to explain their reasoning.

It didn’t go well for creationists.  Their lead witness, Lehigh University biochemist Michael Behe, a long-time leader of the movement, conceded that "there are no peer-reviewed articles by anyone advocating for intelligent design supported by pertinent experiments or calculations which provide detailed rigorous accounts of how intelligent design of any biological system occurred.”

In fact, there has never been any articles that supports creationism ever submitted to any scientific publication.  That’s because there is no evidence.

Actually, Behe went even further and admitted that, under his definition, to get creationism accepted by science, even a field so discredited as astrology would have to be included.  Not even creationists can argue on behalf of astrology, which has been carefully studied and found to have zero scientific basis.

The one paper he did co-author (but not submit) didn’t help his cause.  Under oath, Behe admitted that the same biochemical outcomes he ascribed to creationism would also evolve in 20,000 years “even if the parameters of the simulation were rigged to make that outcome as unlikely as possible.”

Naturally, the 20,000 years caused creationists heartburn since many are wedded to the impossibly short time period of 8,000 to 9,000 years for the existence of the Earth.

None of the testimony for the defense got any better. As Judge Jones noted defendants' protestations to the contrary, witnesses unanimously described ID as a religious argument. "In that vein, the writings of leading ID proponents revealed that the designer postulated by their argument is the God of Christianity,” the judge wrote, concluding that “the overwhelming evidence at trial established that ID is a religious view, a mere re-labeling of creationism, and not a scientific theory.”

Judge Jones cited basic flaws in theory:

“We find that ID fails on three different levels, any one of which is sufficient to preclude a determination that ID is science. They are: (1) ID violates the centuries-old ground rules of science by invoking and permitting supernatural causation; (2) the argument of irreducible complexity, central to ID, employs the same flawed and illogical contrived dualism that doomed creation science in the 1980s; and (3) ID's negative attacks on evolution have been refuted by the scientific community. … It is additionally important to note that ID has failed to gain acceptance in the scientific community, it has not generated peer-reviewed publications, nor has it been the subject of testing and research.”

He ended by labeling the Board’s decision to require the teaching of creationism as “breathtaking inanity … when considered against the factual backdrop which has now been fully revealed through this trial.”

The local population agreed.  In the school board election that took place Nov. 8, less than a week after the trial and before the judge issued his ruling, the eight candidates who opposed intelligent design swept every pro-intelligent-design candidate from the board.

If we have learned anything from this, it’s that scholarship and research mean nothing in the face of belief.  Creationists happily smother centuries of research and reason by making broad, unsupported claims.

Nor does any of these arguments matter, because belief is merely a guess.  Whether someone guessed right or wrong won’t change a thing.  Whatever is the truth will happen to all of us.  I personally believe there’s no God, no afterlife, no meaning to be life.

I could be wrong.  I’ll find out. 

In the interim, I will continue to oppose anyone’s attempt to impose on the rest of us a belief unsupported by a shred of scientific fact.

Long-time religious historian Bill Lazarus regularly writes about religion and religious history with an occasional foray into American culture.  He holds an ABD in American Studies from Case Western Reserve University.   He also speaks at various religious organizations throughout Florida.  You can reach him at wplazarus@aol.com.  He is the author of the famed Unauthorized Biography of Nostradamus; The Last Testament of Simon Peter; The Gospel Truth: Where Did the Gospel Writers Get Their Information; Noel: The Lore and Tradition of Christmas Carols; and Dummies Guide to Comparative Religion.  A recent book, Passover in Prison, which details abuse of Jewish inmates in American prisons.  His books are available on Amazon.com, Kindle, bookstores and via various publishers.  He can also be followed on Twitter.